Developing an information search strategy: Operators
Simple but efficient actions for a documentalist to assess the latest developments on a topic
Boolean operators OR/AND/NOT
A succession of words does not make a request.
In order to define groups of documents, you need to group them by operator:
- "OR" for equivalent terms: result -> all documents containing at least one of the terms.
- "AND" for complementary terms: result -> documents which imperatively contain both terms.
- "NOT": result -> excludes documents which contain the excluded term.
Other existing operators
- for more information: see guide Knowing the search operatorsDefining what a search operator is, mastering Boolean, numeric, proximity, truncation, … operators.
There are other operators:
- right side truncation: it allows you to run a search on a root or to group all declensions of one word. For instance: The request fem* will group all documents containing the terms: female, feminine, femininity, feminists.
- proximity operators are used to define an element of proximity between two terms.
- search of the exact phrase or chain of character.
How to phrase your request?
The way to phrase a request varies according to the engine used, each having their own syntax, their own control language.
Request example: energy use cars
- will bring no result on the Factiva database because all three terms energy use cars will be treated as a chain of characters.
- will bring over a million documents on Google because they will be treated as 3 terms linked by two Boolean "AND".
To find out the syntax of a database, you need to visit its "help" or "examples" page.
Some databases allow you to record simple requests and to then cross them using the session "history".